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    cyberianC
    Pakistan’s central bank has cut the benchmark interest rate by 100 basis points to 8% to help people, businesses and the economy fight against the coronavirus pandemic. The higher interest rates mean higher borrowing costs, people will eventually start spending less. The demand for goods and services will then drop, which will cause inflation to fall. These changes can affect both inflation and recessions. Inflation refers to the rise in the price of goods and services over time. It is the result of a strong and healthy economy. However, if inflation is left unchecked, it can lead to a significant loss of purchasing power. The lower the interest rate, the more willing people are to borrow money to make big purchases, such as houses or cars. When consumers pay less in interest, this gives them more money to spend, which can create a ripple effect of increased spending throughout the economy. Businesses and farmers also benefit from lower interest rates, as it encourages them to make large equipment purchases due to the low cost of borrowing. This creates a situation where output and productivity increase. The interest rate is a tool available with SBP to create a balance between the rate of inflation and economic activities in the country. The coronavirus pandemic has created unique challenges for monetary policy due to its non-economic origin and the temporary disruption of economic activity required to combat it. In particular, the successive policy rate cuts and sizeable cheap loans provided through the SBP’s enhirced refinancing facilities have helped maintain credit flows, bolster the cash flow of borrowers, and support asset prices. Thisl easier monetary policy can provide liquidity support to households and businesses to help them through the ensuing temporary phase of economic disruption.
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    zaasmiZ
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtYpg-3kX20
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    zareenZ
    Requirement 1: [image: nu31cQT.png] [image: NQsERjq.png] [image: GKmCica.png] [image: zLOz1ON.png] [image: H38TR1p.png] Requirement 2: [image: uPdLTJB.png] [image: ebttofO.png] [image: y0EaoLX.png] [image: mbrVPk2.png]
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    zaasmiZ
    @zaasmi said in MGT411 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: If there are equal chances of being paid back; whether 8% nominal interest rate is more attractive to a lender or 5% nominal interest rate? Explain your answer. Nominal Interest Rate The nominal interest rate is the stated interest rate of a bond or loan, which signifies the actual monetary price borrowers pay lenders to use their money. If the nominal rate on a loan is 5%, borrowers can expect to pay $5 of interest for every $100 loaned to them. This is often referred to as the coupon rate, because it was traditionally stamped on the coupons redeemed by bondholders. KEY TAKEAWAYS The different types of interest rates, including real, nominal, effective and annual, are distinguished by key economic factors that can help individuals become shrewder investors. Real interest rates, unlike nominal rates, take account of inflation. Investors and borrowers should also be aware of the effective interest rate, which takes the concept of compounding into account. Real Interest Rate The real interest rate is so named, because unlike the nominal rate, it factors inflation into the equation, to give investors a more accurate measure of their buying power, after they redeem their positions. If an annually compounding bond lists a 6% nominal yield and the inflation rate is 4%, then the real rate of interest is actually only 2%. It’s feasible for real interest rates to be in negative territory, if the inflation rate exceeds the nominal rate of an investment. For example, a bond with a 3% nominal rate will have a real interest rate of -1%, if the inflation rate is 4%. A comparison of real and nominal interest rates can be calculated using this equation: RR=Nominal Interest Rate − Inflation Rate where: RR = Real Rate of Return ​
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    zaasmiZ
    Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable. Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; infection; drug discovery; drug repositioning
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    Wajahat AliW
    Solution.cpp #include <graphics.h> // driver code int main() { // gm is Graphics mode which is a computer display // mode that generates image using pixels. // DETECT is a macro defined in "graphics.h" header file int gd = DETECT, gm; int left = 200, top = 20; int right = 430, bottom = 460; // initgraph initializes the graphics system // by loading a graphics driver from disk initgraph(&gd, &gm, ""); setcolor(WHITE); settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 2); outtextxy(10, 20, (char*)"BC123456789"); setcolor(WHITE); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE); rectangle(left, top, right, bottom); bar(200,20,430,460); setcolor(LIGHTRED); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTRED); circle(left+100,top+280,50); floodfill(left+100,top+280,LIGHTRED); setcolor(LIGHTGREEN); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTGREEN); circle(left+160,top+340,30); floodfill(left+160,top+340,LIGHTGREEN); setcolor(LIGHTBLUE); line(left,top+280,right,bottom-20); setcolor(LIGHTGREEN); line(left,top+300,right,bottom); setcolor(LIGHTRED); line(left,top+320,right-30,bottom); getch(); // closegraph function closes the graphics // mode and deallocates all memory allocated // by graphics system . closegraph(); } Download Complete Solution
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    zareenZ
    @zareen 100% Solution Code #include <iostream> using namespace std; /* The Student class */ class Student { private: string firstname, lastname, VUID; int marks; Student *nextStudent; public: // constructor of Student class to initialize data members of class Student(){ VUID = ""; marks = 0; firstname = ""; lastname = ""; nextStudent = NULL; } // Student class method to set VU ID of Student void setVUID(string val){ VUID = val; }; //Student class method to get VU ID of Student string getVUID(){ return VUID; }; // Student class method to set first name of Student void setFirstName(string val){ firstname = val; }; //Student class method to get first name of Student string getFirstName(){ return firstname; }; // Student class method to set last name of Student void setLastName(string val){ lastname = val; }; //Student class method to get last name of Student string getLastName(){ return lastname; }; //Student class method to set the Marks of Student void setMarks(int val) { marks = val; }; // Student class method to get the Marks of Student int getMarks() { return marks; } //Student class method to point current Student to next Student void setNext(Student *nextStudent) { this->nextStudent = nextStudent; } // Student class method to get memory address where pointer is pointing Student *getNext() { return nextStudent; } }; /* The List class */ class List { private: Student * head; Student * current; public: // constructor of list class to initialize data members of class List() { head = new Student(); head->setNext(NULL); current = NULL; } // list class method to add Students into list void add() { Student *newStudent = new Student(); int loc_marks = 0; string loc_vuid = "", loc_fname = "", loc_lname = ""; cout<<"\nEnter VU ID: "; cin>>loc_vuid; newStudent->setVUID(loc_vuid); cout<<"Enter Marks: "; cin>>loc_marks; newStudent->setMarks(loc_marks); cout<<"Enter First Name: "; cin>>loc_fname; newStudent->setFirstName(loc_fname); cout<<"Enter Last Name: "; cin>>loc_lname; newStudent->setLastName(loc_lname); if(head->getNext() == NULL){ newStudent->setNext(NULL); head->setNext(newStudent); current = newStudent; } else{ Student *temp = head; while(temp->getNext() != NULL && temp->getNext()->getMarks() >= loc_marks){ temp = temp->getNext(); } current = temp; newStudent->setNext(current->getNext()); current->setNext( newStudent ); current = newStudent; } }; // list class method to get the information of Student void getInfo() { if (current != NULL){ cout<<"VU ID: "<<current->getVUID()<<endl; cout<<"Marks: "<<current->getMarks()<<endl; cout<<"First Name: "<<current->getFirstName()<<endl; cout<<"Last Name: "<<current->getLastName()<<endl<<endl; } }; // list class method to move current to next Student bool next() { if (current == NULL){ return false; } current = current->getNext(); }; // frient function to list class to show all students in the list friend void showStudents(List list){ Student* savedCurrent = list.current; list.current = list.head; for(int i = 1; list.next(); i++){ list.getInfo(); } list.current = savedCurrent; }; }; main() { int input = 0; List lst; while(input != -1) { cout<<"1. To Add New Student in Ranking"<<endl; cout<<"2. To Display Ranking"<<endl; cout<<"3. To Close"<<endl<<endl; cout<<"Enter Your Choice: (1, 2 or 3) "; cin>> input; if(input == 1) { lst.add(); cout<<"Student's information saved successfully.\n"; } else if(input == 2) { cout<<"\nRanking Chart"<<endl; showStudents(lst); return 0; } else { return 0; } } }
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